![]() The Philippines contains about 19 percent arable land and 46 percent forests and woodlands. From June to October, typhoons sometimes appear in the Philippines. On most islands of the Philippines, the rain season occurs during the summer monsoon, from May to November, when the wind blows from the southwest the dry season occurs during the winter monsoon, from December to April, when the wind blows from the northeast. Rainfall averages 2030 millimeters per year in the lowlands. The Philippines lies within the tropics and has a mean annual temperature of about 27✬. Mindanao contains the Mindanao Valley (the largest lowland area), the Agusan River the Rio Grande de Mindanao (known in its upper course as the Pulangi). Luzon has the Cagayan Valley (a plain about 80 kilometers wide, the Central Plain (extending from Lingayen Gulf to Manila Bay), the Cagayan River (longest river in Luzon), Abra River, Chico River, the large Laguna de Bay, Agno River, Pampanga River and Bicol River. The larger islands have a more diversified topography, with rivers, broad plains and level, fertile valleys in the interior. The most recent volcanic eruptions were in 1993 (Mayon Volcano in the Bicol Region, southeastern Luzon, dormant for 600 years) and in June 1991 and July 1992 (Mount Pinatubo, central Luzon). Seismic disturbances are often experienced in the islands that include 20 active volcanoes. In the second largest island, Mindanao, are the Diwata Mountains and the mountain ranges in southern Mindanao including Mount Apo (a volcano) which, at 2,954 meters, is the highest point in the Philippines. The mountains in Luzon include the Sierra Madre, Cordillera Central, the Caraballo Mountains and the Zambales Mountains. Mountain ranges extend north to south, running parallel to the coasts and, in many places, bordering them. Of volcanic origin, the Philippines is generally mountainous. The coastlines of all the islands are extremely irregular, measuring about 36,289 kilometers in length. The islands extend about 1,850 kilometers from north to south and almost 1,127 kilometers from east to west. The Visayan region is composed of about 6,000 islands, including Panay, Samar, Cebu, Leyte and Bohol. The largest island is Luzon, followed by Mindanao and the Visayas group. The Philippines is composed of three major islands known as Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. The total land area is about 298,170 square kilometers (114,830 square miles). It is approximately 6,290 kilometers away from Australia or, in terms of travel time, seven hours by plane from Sydney to Manila, the capital city of the Philippines. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea, on the south by the Celebes Sea, and on the west by the South China Sea. ![]() The northern part of the country is separated from Taiwan by the Bashi Channel. The Republic of the Philippines is an archipelago of 7,107 islands lying on the western rim of the Pacific Ocean and north of the equator. Geography of the Philippines Location, Boundaries, Land Area
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